Matches in Nanopublications for { ?s <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value> ?o ?g. }
- _5 value "Phosphorylation of MEF2A in a MEF2A-MEF2D heterodimer enhances MEF2-dependent gene expression." provenance.
- _5 value "We found that MEF2A, but not MEF2B or MEF2D, is a substrate for p38. Among the four p38 group members, p38 is the most potent kinase for MEF2A. Threonines 312 and 319 within the transcription activation domain of MEF2A are the regulatory sites phosphorylated by p38." provenance.
- _5 value "We showed previously that the transactivation activity of MEF2C is stimulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. In this study, we examined the potential role of the p38 MAP kinase pathway in regulating the other MEF2 family members. We found that MEF2A, but not MEF2B or MEF2D, is a substrate for p38. Among the four p38 group members, p38 is the most potent kinase for MEF2A. Threonines 312 and 319 within the transcription activation domain of MEF2A are the regulatory sites phosphorylated by p38." provenance.
- _5 value "We showed previously that the transactivation activity of MEF2C is stimulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. In this study, we examined the potential role of the p38 MAP kinase pathway in regulating the other MEF2 family members. We found that MEF2A, but not MEF2B or MEF2D, is a substrate for p38. Among the four p38 group members, p38 is the most potent kinase for MEF2A. Threonines 312 and 319 within the transcription activation domain of MEF2A are the regulatory sites phosphorylated by p38." provenance.
- _5 value "We showed previously that the transactivation activity of MEF2C is stimulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. In this study, we examined the potential role of the p38 MAP kinase pathway in regulating the other MEF2 family members. We found that MEF2A, but not MEF2B or MEF2D, is a substrate for p38. Among the four p38 group members, p38 is the most potent kinase for MEF2A. Threonines 312 and 319 within the transcription activation domain of MEF2A are the regulatory sites phosphorylated by p38." provenance.
- _5 value "However, both full-length RGS3 and its N-terminal domain translocated to the plasma membrane upon stimulation of intact cells with endothelin-1 as assayed by immunofluorescence microscopy." provenance.
- _3 value "The level of IkappaB-alpha (NFKBIA) mRNA was decreased after castration of mice bearing CWR22 tumors. Treatment of castrated mice with TP (Testosterone pellets) restored expression of mRNA to levels seen in the intact CWR22. Further in the recurrent tumors, the levels of NFKBIA mRNA were higher than in CWR22 tumors after castration and similar to levels in androgen-stimulated tumors from intact mice." provenance.
- _5 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _5 value "Transient transfection assays have confirmed that BTEB was able to transactivate the CYP7A promoter/luciferase chimergic gene." provenance.
- _5 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _2 value "Stable transfection of PC3 and DU145 prostate cell lines with an antisense ETS2 vector or with a dominant negative ETS2 mutant significantly reduced the ability of DU145 and PC3 cells to form large colonies in soft agar." provenance.
- _5 value "Phosphorylation of the leukocyte-specific L-plastin plays important roles in regulating L-plastin function and leukocyte activation." provenance.
- _5 value "Transfection of AhRR expression vector into HeLa cells, together with the expression vectors of AhR and Arnt and the reporter gene pX4TK?Luc, repressed luciferase expression originally induced by AhR and Arnt plasmids in a dose-dependent fashion (Fig. 3A, lanes 3?5). This repression was reversed by further addition of AhR expression vector (data not shown). These results indicate that AhRR functions as a competitive repressor of AhR." provenance.
- _5 value "JunB binds directly to the P1 site and synergizes with c-Maf to activate an IL-4 luciferase reporter gene. JunB-control of IL-4 expression is mediated by the phosphorylation of JunB at Thr102 and -104 by JNK MAP kinase" provenance.
- _2 value "Thrombin and U46619-induced platelet aggregation, as well as basal and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-stimulated platelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were unchanged after ingestion of either agent. " provenance.
- _5 value "To identify the specific EGFR phosphorylation sites, hGab-1-C was sequenced by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. The entire protein was phosphorylated by rEGFR at eight tyrosine residues (Y285, Y373, Y406, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). " provenance.
- _5 value "PhosphoElm data from PMID 15212693" provenance.
- _5 value "Consistent with this, the transcripts of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF-1), a liver-specific transcription factor which transactivates these promoter and enhancer regions were reduced by butyrolactone I in a dose-dependent manner. # Ariadne: These results indicate that butyrolactone I down-regulates both the albumin and the AFP gene transcription through the reduction of HNF-1 expression. [Regulation]" provenance.
- _6 value "In this context ARA70, previously called RFG and ELE1, has been described as a putative coactivator that specifically enhances the activity of the androgen receptor (AR) but not that of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the progesterone receptor, or the estrogen receptor (ER)" provenance.
- _6 value "As a result of activation of Lyn, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway is activated, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) messenger RNA is increased in a Lyn-kinase-dependent manner." provenance.
- _5 value "Like HNF-6, OC-2 stimulates transcription of the hnf-3eta gene in transient transfection experiments, suggesting that OC-2 participates in the network of transcription factors required for liver differentiation and metabolism." provenance.
- _6 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _4 value "Overexpression of TFAR19 in tumor cells enhances apoptosis triggered by growth factor or serum deprivation." provenance.
- _3 value "c-met gene is also a target of p53 gene regulation." provenance.
- _2 value "Taken together, these findings suggest a critical role of NK cells, but not of NKT cells, for the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation, and that this effect of NK cells is exerted during the immunization. If translatable to humans, these data suggest that NK cells may be critically important for deciding whether allergic eosinophilic airway disease will develop. These observations are also compatible with a pathogenic role for the increased NK cell activity observed in human asthma." provenance.
- _2 value "These results indicate that the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species from knockout of SOD2 activity can result in biochemical aberrations with features reminiscent of mitochondrial myopathy" provenance.
- _4 value "These results indicate that the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species from knockout of SOD2 activity can result in biochemical aberrations with features reminiscent of mitochondrial myopathy" provenance.
- _7 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _5 value "IL-1beta increased the activities of both histidine decarboxylase (HDC), an HA synthesizing enzyme, and HA-N-methyltransferase (HMT), an HA catabolizing enzyme." provenance.
- _4 value "In contrast to IL-1Ra, production of C-reactive protein by human primary hepatocytes was stimulated by IL-6 and decreased by the addition of IL-4." provenance.
- _4 value "The results indicated that both IL-4 and IL-13 amplified the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on production of IL-1Ra protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) by both human primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells." provenance.
- _4 value "The results indicated that both IL-4 and IL-13 amplified the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on production of IL-1Ra protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) by both human primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells." provenance.
- _5 value "Activation of Stat5 by cytokines that share a common gamma receptor subunit, IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15" provenance.
- _5 value "Overexpression of TAL accelerated Fas-induced mitochondrial ROI production, Deltapsim elevation, activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, proteolysis of poly(A)DP-ribose polymerase, and PS externalization." provenance.
- _6 value "Overexpression of TAL accelerated Fas-induced mitochondrial ROI production, Deltapsim elevation, activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, proteolysis of poly(A)DP-ribose polymerase, and PS externalization." provenance.
- _8 value "Overexpression of TAL accelerated Fas-induced mitochondrial ROI production, Deltapsim elevation, activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, proteolysis of poly(A)DP-ribose polymerase, and PS externalization." provenance.
- _4 value "SP-A elicited new transcription of surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C and SPAR and c-Jun but had no effect on beta-actin or c-fos transcription." provenance.
- _5 value "TGF-b has also been reported to participate in the migration of mammary epithelial cells. TGF-b-related responses have been linked to the PI3-kinase/Akt-signaling route, and they have been proposed to result in the delocalization of E-cadherin and b1 integrin from cell junctions. 72" provenance.
- _6 value "Entrez Gene summary: Rat: SUMMARY: activates RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 GTPases, plays a role in regulation of calcium ion dependent exocytosis, may regulate actin filament reorganization [RGD]" provenance.
- _5 value "Both cholesterol and certain oxysterols, such as 25OH and 7K, suppress the proteolytic activation of sterol response element binding protein. This in turn leads to transcriptional down regulation of the LDL receptor and certain enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic and fatty acid synthesis and metabolic pathways." provenance.
- _5 value "In theory LTC4 can promote vasocontriction, and LTB4 could contribute to atherosclerosis related endothelial alterations, such as increased permeability and adhesiveness. Moreover, LTB4 is also an activator of Pparg which appears to promote athergenesis in vivo." provenance.
- _4 value "Neutral lipids esterified to polyunsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting temperature, which tends to promote lipid hydrolysis and lipid efflux." provenance.
- _3 value "The increase of ability of HDL to act as an extracellular acceptor for cholesterol effluxed from cells due to sphingomyelin may be balanced by its inhibition of binding Lcat." provenance.
- _3 value "The increase of ability of HDL to act as an extracellular acceptor for cholesterol effluxed from cells due to sphingomyelin may be balanced by its inhibition of binding Lcat." provenance.
- _3 value "The increase of ability of HDL to act as an extracellular acceptor for cholesterol effluxed from cells due to sphingomyelin may be balanced by its inhibition of binding Lcat." provenance.
- _4 value "The potentially atherogenic molecules induced in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells by these oxidized phospholipids include E-selectin, VCAL-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage colony stimulating factor, P-selectin, and interleukin 8." provenance.
- _4 value "The potentially atherogenic molecules induced in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells by these oxidized phospholipids include E-selectin, VCAL-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage colony stimulating factor, P-selectin, and interleukin 8." provenance.
- _5 value "page 584 - four oxysterols found in vivo, 24,25 EPOX, 24OH, 22OH, and 27OH, but not cholesterol, activate Lxra, Lxrb and Fxr" provenance.
- _5 value "page 584 - four oxysterols found in vivo, 24,25 EPOX, 24OH, 22OH, and 27OH, but not cholesterol, activate Lxra, Lxrb and Fxr" provenance.
- _8 value "Page 12" provenance.
- _4 value "Page 26 Page 27" provenance.
- _7 value "Page 28" provenance.
- _3 value "Page 4" provenance.
- _4 value "Page 8" provenance.
- _4 value "Page 8" provenance.
- _4 value "Page 8" provenance.
- _4 value "Page 8" provenance.
- _4 value "Page 8" provenance.
- _3 value "Page 8" provenance.
- _6 value "Page 8" provenance.
- _6 value "Page 9" provenance.
- _6 value "Page 9" provenance.
- _6 value "Page 9" provenance.
- _7 value "Page 9" provenance.
- _4 value "Not Available" provenance.
- _4 value "Not Available" provenance.
- _5 value "% Entrez Gene summary: Rat: SUMMARY: precursor protein of kinin which is found in plasma; cysteine protease inhibitor and a major acute phase reactant [RGD] OMIM summary: (summary is not available from this source) kininogens; Endogenous peptides present in most body fluids. Certain enzymes convert them to active kinins which are involved in inflammation, blood clotting, complement reactions, etc. Kininogens belong to the cystatin superfamily. They are cysteine proteinase inhibitors. High-molecular-weight kininogen (hmwk) is split by plasma kallikrein to produce bradykinin. Low-molecular-weight kininogen (lmwk) is split by tissue kallikrein to produce kallidin. kinins; Inflammatory mediators that cause dilation of blood vessels and altered vascular permeability. Kinins are small peptides produced from kininogen by kallikrein and are broken down by kininases. Act on phospholipase and increase arachidonic acid release and thus prostaglandin (PGE2) production. bradykinin; Vasoactive nonapeptide (RPPGFSPFR) formed by action of proteases on kininogens. Very similar to kallidin (which has the same sequence but with an additional N terminal lysine). Bradykinin is a very potent vasodilator and increases permeability of post capillary venules, it acts on endothelial cells to activate phospholipase A2. It is also spasmogenic for some smooth muscle and will cause pain. kallidin; Decapeptide (lysyl bradykinin, amino acid sequence KRPPGFSPFR) produced in kidney. Like bradykinin, an inflammatory mediator (a kinin), causes dilation of renal blood vessels and increased water excretion." provenance.
- _3 value "Oxygen (and other nutrients as well) is required as one of the metabolic nutrients to maintain vasuclar contraction. Therefore, in the absence of and adequate supply of oxygen or other required vasuclar nutients, it is reasonable to believe that the blood vessels simply would relax and naturally dilate" provenance.
- _3 value "Precapilary sphincters and met-arterioles often open and close cyclically several times per minute with the duration of the open phases being proportional to the metabolic needs of the tissues for oxygen. the cyclical opening and closing is called vasomotion. (decreased sphincter contractions due to nutrient/oxygen deprivation would cause the open phase of the cycle to increase, leading to increased blood flow to the tissue - Dexter Pratt 12/14/04) In the brain, in addition to control of blood flow by tissue oxygen concentration, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions play very prominent roles. An increase of either of these dilates the cerebral vessels and allows rapid washout of the excess carbon dioxide or hydrogen ions Rapid flow of blood through the arteries and artrioles causes shear stress on the endothelial cells because of viscous drag of the blood against the vascular walls. This stress contorts the endothelial cells in the direction of the flow and causes greatly increased release of nitric oxide. The nitric oxide then relaxes the local arterial wall, causing it to dilate. ...it causes a secondary increase also in the dimensions of the upstream large arterial blood vessels..." provenance.
- _3 value "The local vasodilatory and edema-producing effects of histamine are are especially prominent in allergic reactions... An increase in calcium ion concentration causes vasoconstriction. This results from the general effect of the calcium to stimulate smooth muscle contraction" provenance.
- _4 value "released from essentially every tissue in the body upon damage or inflammation" provenance.
- _7 value "Summary: PAK proteins, a family of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, include PAK1, PAK2, PAK3 and PAK4. PAK proteins are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. They serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. PAK4 interacts specifically with the GTP-bound form of Cdc42Hs and weakly activates the JNK family of MAP kinases. PAK4 is a mediator of filopodia formation and may play a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene." provenance.
- _7 value "Summary: PAK proteins, a family of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, include PAK1, PAK2, PAK3 and PAK4. PAK proteins are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. They serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. PAK4 interacts specifically with the GTP-bound form of Cdc42Hs and weakly activates the JNK family of MAP kinases. PAK4 is a mediator of filopodia formation and may play a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene." provenance.
- _4 value "Not Available" provenance.
- _5 value "It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4." provenance.
- _4 value "Background: Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a potent vasodilator, which also regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Moreover, PTHrP overexpression has been correlated to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, although the role of PTHrP in this disease remains to be elucidated.In addition,plaque rupture frequently takes place in the shoulder region, an area characterized by a high inflammatory content,although the mechanisms are not completely defined. Methods and Results: : We analyzed the cell composition, as well as the PTHrP and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression, in 22 human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, by immunohistochemistry. The inflammatory region of plaques was characterized by a high PTHrP and MCP-1 expression (20? 2 % vs 10 ?1 % and 14 ?2 vs 10?2 % of positive staining in the shoulder vs cap regions per mm2, respectively, p<0,05); moreover, both proteins were colocalized in the same cells of the plaque. In VSMC in vitro,N-terminal fragment of PTHrP, PTHrP (1-36), increased MCP-1 mRNA expression, peaking at 6h(3,3 ?0,3 fold vs basal;n=3; p<0,05; Northern blot). This effect was inhibited by the antagonist PTHrP (7-34) and by protein kinase A inhibitors (RpCAMPS and H89), as well as by the nuclear factor- kB (NF-kB) inhibitor parthenolide. Furthermore, PTHrP (1-36) induced an increase in NF-kB activation in VSMC, peaking at 90 minutes, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin, inhibited the effects of PTHrP (1-36) on both NF-kB activity and MCP-1 overexpression, and these effects were reversed by mevalonate. Conclusions: PTHrP may be a novel mediator involved in the recruitment of mononuclear cells into the atheroma lesion through the induction of MCP-1, and therefore contribute to the instability of atherosclerotic plaques.Our data also provide a new potential mechanism by which statins could exert its known antiinflammatory properties, and then contribute to plaque stabilization." provenance.
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- _5 value "the induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation by xenobiotic proliferators or fatty acids involves the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors, PPARs, which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor family and which recognize peroxisomal proliferator response elements upstream of the affected structural genes" provenance.
- _4 value "Atherosclerosis is a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease involving the recruitment of monocyte and T lymphocytes. Statins (HMG CoA reductase inhibitors) have proven their beneficial effects on reducing total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that statins also have anti-inflammatory properties beyond their lipid lowering effects, involving isoprenoid intermediates such as farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP). Chemokines and their receptors are known to induce leukocytes migration, and recently have been implicated in atherogenesis. To investigate whether statins could reduce the expression of chemokines and chemokine/receptors expression in vivo, we used male LDLR-/- mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet treated or not with pravastatin (10 mg/kg/d) through drinking water. We demonstrate here that the expression of the chemokines RANTES, MCP-1 and IP-10 as well as the chemokine/receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 were downregulated within atherosclerotic vascular tissue in the statin-treated mice compared to controls. To confirm these findings, we performed in vitro experiments on vascular human smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Western Blot, ELISA and RPAs revealed that statins markedly decreased chemokines and chemokine/receptors expression. These effects could be reversed by mevalonate, GGPP and FPP. Inhibition of the GGPP prenylation pathway by GTI confirmed that synthesis of chemokines and their receptors might be mainly Rho dependent. These in vitro and in vivo results clearly indicate that statins have anti-inflammatory properties beyond their lipid effects, which might help to better understand their great clinical benefice in preventing cardiovascular diseases." provenance.
- _4 value "Atherosclerosis is a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease involving the recruitment of monocyte and T lymphocytes. Statins (HMG CoA reductase inhibitors) have proven their beneficial effects on reducing total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that statins also have anti-inflammatory properties beyond their lipid lowering effects, involving isoprenoid intermediates such as farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP). Chemokines and their receptors are known to induce leukocytes migration, and recently have been implicated in atherogenesis. To investigate whether statins could reduce the expression of chemokines and chemokine/receptors expression in vivo, we used male LDLR-/- mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet treated or not with pravastatin (10 mg/kg/d) through drinking water. We demonstrate here that the expression of the chemokines RANTES, MCP-1 and IP-10 as well as the chemokine/receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 were downregulated within atherosclerotic vascular tissue in the statin-treated mice compared to controls. To confirm these findings, we performed in vitro experiments on vascular human smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Western Blot, ELISA and RPAs revealed that statins markedly decreased chemokines and chemokine/receptors expression. These effects could be reversed by mevalonate, GGPP and FPP. Inhibition of the GGPP prenylation pathway by GTI confirmed that synthesis of chemokines and their receptors might be mainly Rho dependent. These in vitro and in vivo results clearly indicate that statins have anti-inflammatory properties beyond their lipid effects, which might help to better understand their great clinical benefice in preventing cardiovascular diseases." provenance.
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