Matches in Nanopublications for { ?s <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value> ?o ?g. }
- _4 value "Finally, we show that calsequestrin is an epsilonprotein kinase C substrate in vitro and protein kinase C phosphorylation of calsequestrin leads to a decreased binding of epsilonprotein kinase C to calsequestrin." provenance.
- _2 value "D-aspartate and human chorionic gonadotropin act synergistically to increase testosterone production in purified rat Leydig cells" provenance.
- _5 value "TR expression in HUVECs was down-regulated by transiently exposing cells to the phorbol ester PMA for periods as short as 1 min" provenance.
- _4 value "Treatment of TSU-Pr1 cells with TGF beta1 leads to an increase in PDGF secretion. The addition of neutralizing antibodies to both PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB abrogated the stimulatory effect of TGF-beta1." provenance.
- _4 value "PMID 10620507 We found previously that protein kinase C-z (PKC-z) can phosphorylate and activate Raf-1 in a signalling complex. We report now that PKCz-Raf-1 interaction is mediated by 14-3-3 proteins in ?itro and in ?i?o. the results suggest that 14-3-3 binds both PKC-z (at phospho-Ser-186) and Raf-1 ina ternary complex. Complex formation was much stronger with a kinase-inactive PKC-z mutant than with wild-type PKC-z, supporting the idea that kinase activity leads to complex dissociation 14-3-3B and Q with its putative PKCz phosphorylation sites mutated enhanced co-precipitation between PKC-z and Raf-1, suggesting that phosphorylation of 14-3-3 by PKC-z weakens the complex in in vivo" provenance.
- _6 value "<A9> Phosphorylation of pRb disrupts the c-Abl:pRb complex and releases active c-Abl (Welch and Wang, 1995)." provenance.
- _6 value "<C7> Low concentrations of p21Cip1, p27Kip1, or p57Kip2 promote the binding of Cyclin D to Cdk4 (LaBaer et al., 1997), although high concentrations are inhibitory." provenance.
- _7 value "<E14> The interaction with HDAC1 enhances transcriptional repression by pocket proteins (Brehm et al., 1998; Ferreira et al., 1998; Luo et al., 1998). HDAC1:RB1^taof(RB1) HDAC1:NOLC1^taof(RB1) HDAC1:RBL1^taof(RB1)" provenance.
- _7 value "<E2> Unphosphorylated (or hypophosphorylated) pRb can bind to DP complexes of E2F1?3 and to a lesser degree E2F4. Binding of pRb family members is mediated by a short, highly conserved domain in the C-terminal region of E2F proteins. The E2F-binding site is in the C-terminal region of pRb." provenance.
- _5 value "<E7> E2F-DP dimers, complexed with pRb, p107, or p130, can bind and inhibit E2 promoter elements (Dyson, 1998; Mayol and Grana, 1998). In quiescent cells, the predominant complexes contain E2F4 and p130. E2F1_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F4_DP)" provenance.
- _7 value "<E7> E2F-DP dimers, complexed with pRb, p107, or p130, can bind and inhibit E2 promoter elements (Dyson, 1998; Mayol and Grana, 1998). In quiescent cells, the predominant complexes contain E2F4 and p130. E2F1_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F4_DP)" provenance.
- _5 value "<E7> E2F-DP dimers, complexed with pRb, p107, or p130, can bind and inhibit E2 promoter elements (Dyson, 1998; Mayol and Grana, 1998). In quiescent cells, the predominant complexes contain E2F4 and p130. E2F1_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F4_DP)" provenance.
- _7 value "<E7> E2F-DP dimers, complexed with pRb, p107, or p130, can bind and inhibit E2 promoter elements (Dyson, 1998; Mayol and Grana, 1998). In quiescent cells, the predominant complexes contain E2F4 and p130. E2F1_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F4_DP)" provenance.
- _7 value "<E7> E2F-DP dimers, complexed with pRb, p107, or p130, can bind and inhibit E2 promoter elements (Dyson, 1998; Mayol and Grana, 1998). In quiescent cells, the predominant complexes contain E2F4 and p130. E2F1_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F4_DP)" provenance.
- _9 value "<E7> E2F-DP dimers, complexed with pRb, p107, or p130, can bind and inhibit E2 promoter elements (Dyson, 1998; Mayol and Grana, 1998). In quiescent cells, the predominant complexes contain E2F4 and p130. E2F1_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F4_DP)" provenance.
- _9 value "<E7> E2F-DP dimers, complexed with pRb, p107, or p130, can bind and inhibit E2 promoter elements (Dyson, 1998; Mayol and Grana, 1998). In quiescent cells, the predominant complexes contain E2F4 and p130. E2F1_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F4_DP)" provenance.
- _9 value "<E7> E2F-DP dimers, complexed with pRb, p107, or p130, can bind and inhibit E2 promoter elements (Dyson, 1998; Mayol and Grana, 1998). In quiescent cells, the predominant complexes contain E2F4 and p130. E2F1_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RB1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:RBL1-|taof(E2F4_DP) E2F1_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F1_DP) E2F2_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F2_DP) E2F3_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F3_DP) E2F4_DP:NOLC1-|taof(E2F4_DP)" provenance.
- _5 value "<h5> p300 binds to the transactivation domain of E2F1 (Lee et al., 1998a). E2F1 and p53 may be reciprocally regulated by their mutual dependence on coactivation by limiting amounts of p300 (Lee et al., 1998a)." provenance.
- _5 value "<p17> Ser392 phosphorylation of P53 increases 10-fold the association constant for tetramerization, but this effect is reversed by Ser315 phosphorylation. The tetramerization activates P53 for specific DNA binding and transcription" provenance.
- _5 value "<p8> P53 is phosphorylated at Thr73 and Thr83 by MAPK" provenance.
- _6 value "RB1&CEBPB^taof(CEBPB) <E17> Hypophosphorylated pRb binds c-Jun, JunD, and JunB (Nead et al., 1998). This enhances the binding of the Jun family members to c-Fos and stimulates transcriptional activation by the Fos:Jun complexes. A region (amino acids 612?657) in the B-pocket of pRb and a region in the C-pocket can independently bind c-Jun. The binding site in c-Jun is in the leucine zipper region." provenance.
- _6 value "RB1&CEBPB^taof(CEBPB) <E17> Hypophosphorylated pRb binds c-Jun, JunD, and JunB (Nead et al., 1998). This enhances the binding of the Jun family members to c-Fos and stimulates transcriptional activation by the Fos:Jun complexes. A region (amino acids 612?657) in the B-pocket of pRb and a region in the C-pocket can independently bind c-Jun. The binding site in c-Jun is in the leucine zipper region." provenance.
- _6 value "This inhibitory effect was further substantiated by the inhibition of NO on both the shear stress-induced transcriptional activity of Elk-1 (an ERK substrate)" provenance.
- _5 value "T(3) rapidly up-regulated BTEB mRNA in neuro-2a cells engineered to express thyroid hormone receptor (TR) beta1 but not in cells expressing TRalpha1, suggesting that the regulation of this gene is specific to the TRbeta1 isoform." provenance.
- _5 value "PhosphoElm data from PMID 15212693" provenance.
- _8 value "The alpha 4 protein is a homologue of the yeast Tap42 protein that functions downstream of the TOR protein to regulate protein synthesis." provenance.
- _5 value "LPL regulation is tissue-specific" provenance.
- _5 value "Next, we sought to analyse whether the decrease in FADD-FLICE association caused by PED overexpression affected FLICE protease activity. To this end, we incubated identical amounts of in vitro translated 35S-PARP, a death substrate cleaved by the active FLICE, with extracts from control or PED-overexpressing cells stimulated with IgMFAS. A major band, corresponding to the 26 kDa cleavage product of 35S-PARP was identified after incubation with extracts from IgMFAS-stimulated control cells (Figure 8). The intensity of the band was fivefold lower after PARP incubation with extracts from FAS-unstimulated cells. Most important, in this assay, PARP cleavage was threefold less effective in PED overexpressing than in control cells. No 26 kDa band was detectable in the absence of cell extract addition. Thus, cleavage of death substrates by active FLICE occurs less efficiently in cells overexpressing PED." provenance.
- _8 value "FAK also combines with, and may activate, phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase), either directly or through the Src kinase (13). Finally, there is evidence that Src phosphorylates FAK at Tyr925, creating a binding site for the complex of the adapter Grb2 and Ras guanosine 5'-triphosphate exchange factor mSOS (10). These interactions link FAK to signaling pathways that modify the cytoskeleton and activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades (Fig. 3A)." provenance.
- _6 value "FAK also combines with, and may activate, phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase), either directly or through the Src kinase (13). Finally, there is evidence that Src phosphorylates FAK at Tyr925, creating a binding site for the complex of the adapter Grb2 and Ras guanosine 5'-triphosphate exchange factor mSOS (10). These interactions link FAK to signaling pathways that modify the cytoskeleton and activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades (Fig. 3A)." provenance.
- _5 value "FAK also combines with, and may activate, phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase), either directly or through the Src kinase (13). Finally, there is evidence that Src phosphorylates FAK at Tyr925, creating a binding site for the complex of the adapter Grb2 and Ras guanosine 5'-triphosphate exchange factor mSOS (10). These interactions link FAK to signaling pathways that modify the cytoskeleton and activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades (Fig. 3A)." provenance.
- _4 value "FAK appears to play a major role in conveying survival signals from the ECM (50, 51). Because FAK binds PI 3-kinase, the protective effect against anoikis may be the result of PI 3-kinase-mediated activation of protein kinase B/Akt (52). Akt promotes survival, at least in part, by phosphorylating and thereby inactivating two proapoptotic proteins, Bad and caspase-9 (53) (Fig. 4). Inhibition of p53 prevents FAKdeficient cells from undergoing anoikis when deprived of growth factors, suggesting that p53 mediates the death signal under FAK deficiency (51)." provenance.
- _3 value "FAK appears to play a major role in conveying survival signals from the ECM (50, 51). Because FAK binds PI 3-kinase, the protective effect against anoikis may be the result of PI 3-kinase-mediated activation of protein kinase B/Akt (52). Akt promotes survival, at least in part, by phosphorylating and thereby inactivating two proapoptotic proteins, Bad and caspase-9 (53) (Fig. 4). Inhibition of p53 prevents FAKdeficient cells from undergoing anoikis when deprived of growth factors, suggesting that p53 mediates the death signal under FAK deficiency (51)." provenance.
- _6 value "FAK appears to play a major role in conveying survival signals from the ECM (50, 51). Because FAK binds PI 3-kinase, the protective effect against anoikis may be the result of PI 3-kinase-mediated activation of protein kinase B/Akt (52). Akt promotes survival, at least in part, by phosphorylating and thereby inactivating two proapoptotic proteins, Bad and caspase-9 (53) (Fig. 4). Inhibition of p53 prevents FAKdeficient cells from undergoing anoikis when deprived of growth factors, suggesting that p53 mediates the death signal under FAK deficiency (51)." provenance.
- _5 value "FAK appears to play a major role in conveying survival signals from the ECM (50, 51). Because FAK binds PI 3-kinase, the protective effect against anoikis may be the result of PI 3-kinase-mediated activation of protein kinase B/Akt (52). Akt promotes survival, at least in part, by phosphorylating and thereby inactivating two proapoptotic proteins, Bad and caspase-9 (53) (Fig. 4). Inhibition of p53 prevents FAKdeficient cells from undergoing anoikis when deprived of growth factors, suggesting that p53 mediates the death signal under FAK deficiency (51)." provenance.
- _7 value "For example, avb3 associates with the PDGF receptor, and fibroblasts show greater proliferation in response to PDGFb when adhering to the avb3 ligand vitronectin than when they adhere to the b1 integrin ligand collagen (26)." provenance.
- _4 value "Angiotensin II is an established regulator of vascular tone and smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth. However, there are little data about its effect on collagen synthesis by SMCs and none regarding the mechanism of such an effect. We studied the effect of angiotensin II on collagen production by human arterial SMCs, using uptake of [(3)H]proline into collagenase-digestible proteins, and by ribonuclease protection assay for mRNA encoding the proalpha1 chain of type I collagen, the major collagen in arteries. This revealed a dose-dependent increase in relative collagen synthesis rate and a dose-dependent increase in proalpha1(I) collagen mRNA abundance, with the half-maximal effect at 1.7 nmol/L. Angiotensin II-stimulated collagen expression was associated with a 6-fold increase in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) production and was inhibited by a neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta. Both collagen production and TGF-beta release were inhibited by the AT(1)-specific antagonist, losartan, but not by the AT(2) receptor antagonist, PD123319. To determined if tyrosine phosphorylation was functionally linked to collagen synthesis, we studied the effect of 2 mechanistically distinct inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, genistein, and tyrphostin A25. These inhibitors abrogated angiotensin II-mediated procollagen mRNA expression and angiotensin II-mediated TGF-beta production, whereas the inactive homolog tyrphostin A1 had no effect. We conclude that angiotensin II stimulates collagen production in human arterial SMCs via the AT(1) receptor and an autocrine loop of TGF-beta, induction of which requires tyrosine phosphorylation." provenance.
- _3 value "LDL stimulated induction of MKP-1 mRNA and proteins in a time- and dose-dependent manner." provenance.
- _5 value "PhosphoElm data from PMID 15212693" provenance.
- _5 value "These results indicate that PKC delta is likely to be the kinase that phosphorylates Stat3" provenance.
- _5 value "Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase, IRAK, has been shown to activate NFkappaB in response to interleukin-1." provenance.
- _2 value "Different types of acute myeloid leukemia blast cells were induced to differentiate in vitro with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and vitamin D3 (VD)." provenance.
- _5 value "interleukin-17 induces time-dependent stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK 1, 2 and 3, Tyk 2 and STAT 1, 2, 3 and 4 within 0.5 to 30 min" provenance.
- _5 value "interleukin-17 induces time-dependent stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK 1, 2 and 3, Tyk 2 and STAT 1, 2, 3 and 4 within 0.5 to 30 min" provenance.
- _6 value "IGF-1 induces skeletal myocyte hypertrophy through calcineurin in association with GATA-2 and NF-ATc1. Thus, IGF-1 induces calcineurin-mediated signalling and activation of GATA-2, a marker of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, which cooperates with selected NF-ATc isoforms to activate gene expression programs." provenance.
- _4 value "IGF-1 induces skeletal myocyte hypertrophy through calcineurin in association with GATA-2 and NF-ATc1. Thus, IGF-1 induces calcineurin-mediated signalling and activation of GATA-2, a marker of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, which cooperates with selected NF-ATc isoforms to activate gene expression programs." provenance.
- _5 value "ncoa1 possesses intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity recruitment of coactivator ncoa1 by the ligand-activated PR in vivo leads to chromatin remodeling through histone acetylation and recruitment/stabilization of the preinitiation complex" provenance.
- _5 value "The low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase (LMW-PTP) is phosphorylated by Src and Src-related kinases both in vitro and in vivo; in Jurkat cells, and in NIH-3T3 cells, it becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated upon stimulation by PDGF. In this study we show that pp60Src phosphorylates in vitro the enzyme at two tyrosine residues, Tyr131 and Tyr132," provenance.
- _5 value "The low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase (LMW-PTP) is phosphorylated by Src and Src-related kinases both in vitro and in vivo; in Jurkat cells, and in NIH-3T3 cells, it becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated upon stimulation by PDGF. In this study we show that pp60Src phosphorylates in vitro the enzyme at two tyrosine residues, Tyr131 and Tyr132," provenance.
- _6 value "In fa/fa compared to Fa/fa rats, (a) PDE2 activity was significantly increased, (b) Western blot analysis of PDE2 revealed two signals at 71 and 105 kDa, with changes in protein being in good parallelism with changes in activity, (c) the PDE2 mRNA concentration was also significantly increased." provenance.
- _5 value "M-CSF triggers the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK)-1/2." provenance.
- _5 value "M-CSF triggers the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK)-1/2." provenance.
- _4 value "Splenocytes of control animals proliferated vigorously in response to MOG peptide and produced significant amounts of Th1 (IL2) cytokine. By contrast, splenocytes from NF-KB-deficient (NFKB1) animals produced significantly less amounts of cytokine IL2, and proliferated poorly in response to MOG stimulation." provenance.
- _5 value "Activation of PKB alpha and beta is then achieved at the plasma membrane by phosphorylation of Thr308/309 in the A-loop of the kinase domain and Ser473/474 in the carboxy-terminal regulatory region, respectively. The upstream kinase that phosphorylates PKB on Thr308, termed PI-dependent protein kinase-1, has been identified and extensively characterised. A candidate for the Ser473/474 kinase, termed the integrin-linked kinase, has been identified recently." provenance.
- _5 value "Activation of PKB alpha and beta is then achieved at the plasma membrane by phosphorylation of Thr308/309 in the A-loop of the kinase domain and Ser473/474 in the carboxy-terminal regulatory region, respectively. The upstream kinase that phosphorylates PKB on Thr308, termed PI-dependent protein kinase-1, has been identified and extensively characterised. A candidate for the Ser473/474 kinase, termed the integrin-linked kinase, has been identified recently." provenance.
- _5 value "Activation of PKB alpha and beta is then achieved at the plasma membrane by phosphorylation of Thr308/309 in the A-loop of the kinase domain and Ser473/474 in the carboxy-terminal regulatory region, respectively. The upstream kinase that phosphorylates PKB on Thr308, termed PI-dependent protein kinase-1, has been identified and extensively characterised. A candidate for the Ser473/474 kinase, termed the integrin-linked kinase, has been identified recently." provenance.
- _6 value "Activation of PKB alpha and beta is then achieved at the plasma membrane by phosphorylation of Thr308/309 in the A-loop of the kinase domain and Ser473/474 in the carboxy-terminal regulatory region, respectively. The upstream kinase that phosphorylates PKB on Thr308, termed PI-dependent protein kinase-1, has been identified and extensively characterised. A candidate for the Ser473/474 kinase, termed the integrin-linked kinase, has been identified recently." provenance.
- _6 value "demonstrate that ligand stimulation of the chimeric receptor results in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway." provenance.
- _2 value "Addition of a sulfonylurea to metformin therapy gives an additive glucose- lowering effect (102, 103,149). Similarly, addition of metformin to sulfonylurea therapy gives an additive response, both with respect to glucose-lowering (101, 103, 149-152) and lipid-lowering (91, 103) effects the elevated fasting plasma glucose level is caused by incomplete suppression of basal hepatic glucose production by sulfonylurea or metformin Figure 1. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sites of action of oral agents are indicated. A negative sign indicates inhibition; a positive sign indicates stimulation." provenance.
- _4 value "Addition of a sulfonylurea to metformin therapy gives an additive glucose- lowering effect (102, 103,149). Similarly, addition of metformin to sulfonylurea therapy gives an additive response, both with respect to glucose-lowering (101, 103, 149-152) and lipid-lowering (91, 103) effects the elevated fasting plasma glucose level is caused by incomplete suppression of basal hepatic glucose production by sulfonylurea or metformin Figure 1. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sites of action of oral agents are indicated. A negative sign indicates inhibition; a positive sign indicates stimulation." provenance.
- _2 value "An elevated rate of basal hepatic glucose production in the presence of hyperinsulinemia is the primary cause of fasting hyperglycemia; after a meal, impaired suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin and decreased insulin-mediated glucose uptake by muscle contribute almost equally to postprandial hyperglycemia" provenance.
- _2 value "Both pioglitazone and rosiglitazone increase plasma LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels" provenance.
- _2 value "Table 1. Comparison of Sulfonylureas, Repaglinide, Metformin, Troglitazone, and Acarbose When Used as Monotherapy*" provenance.
- _2 value "Table 1. Comparison of Sulfonylureas, Repaglinide, Metformin, Troglitazone, and Acarbose When Used as Monotherapy*" provenance.
- _2 value "Troglitazone consistently reduces plasma triglyceride levels by 10% to 20% and increases HDL cholesterol levels by 5% to 10% (128, 129, 136,138). However, most studies have reported a 10% to 15% increase in LDL cholesterol levels" provenance.
- _5 value "SOCS-2 was shown to suppress the inhibitory effect of SOCS-1 by restoring Jak2 kinase activity" provenance.
- _3 value "The [Ca2+]i increase induced by ET-1 was inhibited by both BQ123, an ET(A)-receptor antagonist, and BQ788, an ET(B)-receptor antagonist, whereas that induced by ET-3 was inhibited by BQ788 but not by BQ123." provenance.
- _2 value "Glaucine augmented cyclic AMP accumulation by isoprenaline" provenance.
- _8 value "BK increased cPLA(2) mRNA eightfold by 15 min, and this increase was inhibited by pretreatment with the PKC inhibitors." provenance.
- _7 value "The PKC inhibitors GF109203X and H7 attenuated the BK-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and inhibited the BK-induced PGI(2) synthesis. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased cPLA(2) activity and PGI(2) synthesis but failed to alter [Ca(2+)](i)." provenance.
- _9 value "The PKC inhibitors GF109203X and H7 attenuated the BK-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and inhibited the BK-induced PGI(2) synthesis. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased cPLA(2) activity and PGI(2) synthesis but failed to alter [Ca(2+)](i)." provenance.
- _9 value "The PKC inhibitors GF109203X and H7 attenuated the BK-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and inhibited the BK-induced PGI(2) synthesis. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased cPLA(2) activity and PGI(2) synthesis but failed to alter [Ca(2+)](i)." provenance.
- _6 value "The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which bradykinin (BK) enhances prostacyclin (PGI(2)) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)." provenance.
- _2 value "Furthermore, high oxygen levels induce S-phase arrest and increased expression of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1)." provenance.
- _3 value "Elevated intracellular cAMP induces the transcription of the LO gene, as revealed by Northern blot analysis and nuclear run on assays. Transient transfection experiments performed with the wild-type LO promoter and with this promoter mutated at a consensus CREB site, located within the region -100 to -93 base pairs relative to the start of transcription, indicate that cAMP-induced transcriptional activation is partially due to the presence of this CREB site within the promoter." provenance.
- _6 value "Interestingly, VSMC lines stably expressing dominant negative Ras (Ras N17) or Rac (Rac N17) exhibited a marked decrease in MKP-1 expression; the inhibition of ERK kinases (MEK1/2) by PD 98059 or of p38 MAPKs by SB 202190 resulted in a down-regulation of MKP-1 induction." provenance.
- _8 value "In contrast, the secretion of adipsin, a serine protease specifically expressed in adipocytes, was increased by the expression of wild-type ARF6 and was inhibited by the expression of D125N. These results indicate a requirement for ARF6 in basal and insulin-regulated adipsin secretion but not in glucose transport." provenance.
- _5 value "Ariadne: GRP58 is a major target for tyrosine phosphorylation by the Lyn kinase ( 76 ), a kinase that can be activated by IL-6 through gp130 signaling" provenance.
- _3 value "In addition, KA induced the marked production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and KA-induced HO-1 expression was also inhibited by the antioxidants allopurinol and ascorbic acid." provenance.
- _3 value "Renal CD54 mRNA expression was markedly increased by 24 hours after exposure to cisplatin in mice." provenance.
- _5 value "The mutant STAT5 possessed constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding activity, induced expression of bcl-xL and pim-1 in the absence of IL-3 in Ba/F3 cells," provenance.
- _4 value "Also cathepsin L participates in cell apoptosis mediated by caspase III activation." provenance.
- _7 value "We found that IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 increased both metallothionein-1 (MT-1) and metallothionein-2 (MT-2) mRNA in HepG2 cells." provenance.
- _3 value "Finally, apoptotic events elicited by TIEG overexpression can be effectively prevented by ectopic co-expression of Bcl-2" provenance.
- _4 value "ectopic overexpression of TIEG is sufficient to trigger the apoptotic cell program in these cells, which is preceded by a decrease of Bcl-2 protein levels" provenance.
- _3 value "Lovastatin treatment resulted in decreased expression of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 and increased the expression of the proapoptotic protein bax." provenance.
- _8 value "IQGAP1, a target of Cdc42 and Rac1 small GTPases, directly interacts with beta-catenin and negatively regulates E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion by dissociating alpha-catenin from the cadherin-catenin complex in vivo" provenance.
- _5 value "Progesterone (PG) increased IGFBP-5 expression in normal human osteoblasts and increased IGFBP-5 transcription in U2 human osteosarcoma cells...Using a luciferase reporter construct containing base pairs -252 to +24 of the IGFBP-5 promoter, we found that both PR(A) and PR(B) isoforms mediated PG stimulation of promoter activity." provenance.
- _5 value "PhosphoElm data from PMID 15212693" provenance.
- _4 value "Insulin-induced stimulation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in kidney proximal tubule cells depends on phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit at Tyr-10." provenance.
- _6 value "Betacellulin activated EGFR and erbB2 phosphorylation and significantly increased beta1-integrin-dependent adhesion of the MDA-MB-435 cells to type IV collagen." provenance.
- _7 value "Figure 6. PPARs downregulate human ET-1 gene promoter activity by interfering negatively with the AP-1 signaling pathway." provenance.
- _7 value "However, all PPAR activators tested significantly inhibited the thrombin-induced ET-1 secretion. This inhibition was more pronounced with fenofibric acid (95%) than with Wy-14643 (40%) (Figure 2Down)" provenance.
- _2 value "We also investigated the effects of Bid deficiency in cultured cells treated with anti-Fas antibody (hepatocytes and thymocytes) or with TNFalpha. (fibroblasts). In these Bid-/- cells, mitochondrial dysfunction was delayed, cytochrome c was not released,effector caspase activity was reduced and the cleavage of apoptosis substrates was altered. " provenance.
- _6 value "TNFR-associated factor 2 recruitment, which in turn recruits and activates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1, leading to downstream activation of c-Jun N-terminal/stress-activated protein kinases (JNK/SAPK)" provenance.
- _7 value "We have shown that the c-Maf and c-Myb transcription factors physically interact in myeloid cells to form inhibitory complexes that hinder transactivation of c-Myb target genes through direct binding to Myb consensus sites." provenance.
- _5 value "These results suggest that activation of PI 3-K is an early signal induced by TSP-1 and is critical for chemotaxis. Activation of this kinase precedes and may occur upstream from FAK phosphorylation, although the nature of the interaction between these 2 enzymes remains obscure." provenance.
- _3 value "In the present study, we demonstrated, by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method, the mRNA expression of complement components (C3, C4, and C5) and membrane regulators (decay-accelerating factor, membrane cofactor protein, Crry, and CD59) in cultured SMCs derived from the rat carotid artery. The expression of C9 mRNA was also induced upon stimulation by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Northern blot analysis showed that the mRNA expression of C3, C4, DAF and Crry was up-regulated, but that of CD59 was down-regulated by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and/or LPS alone or by synergy." provenance.
- _5 value "Previous work has established that the melanocyte-specific tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) promoter is regulated positively by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Mitf, acting through the conserved M box and negatively by the T-box factor Tbx2," provenance.
- _6 value "Its (RSK2) activation requires phosphorylation of the linker region at Ser(369), catalyzed by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)" provenance.