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• _4 value "2.3.3.5. Summary The focus of this review is the HBP1-mediated regulation of G1 control and tumor suppressor genes. The identification of the diverse set of targets, both activated and repressed, illustrates the diversity of HBP1 functions (see Table 1). In this section, we have summarized existing knowledge on HBP1 gene targets in a framework for G1 control and for tumor suppression, when applicable. The identified gene targets suggest that HBP1 has multiple mechanisms for affecting G1 progression and for suppressing oncogenic pathways. While the definition of gene targets is an ongoing investigation, the existing knowledge already provides possible pathways and targets for future therapeutic intervention. 3. A new pathway for G1 regulation, senescence, and tumor suppression? The studies of the RB pathway illustrate that an understanding of the network in which a tumor suppressor function resides is critical, since the same phenotype may be mimicked by genetic or biochemical dysregulation of multiple members. As will be described below, a two-hybrid screen unexpectedly linked the HBP1 transcriptional repressor and the p38 MAP kinase (p38MAPK) pathway. In this section, the implications of this connection will be explored and discussed in the context of recent information on the p38 MAPK networks. We propose that HBP1 and p38 MAPK may define a new and intriguing network for tumor suppression and cell cycle regulation. 3.1. The basics of the p38 MAPK pathway The p38 MAP kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway has been extensively associated with apoptosis, but its role in cell cycle regulation has recently come under intense study. The p38 MAPK is part of a family of kinases that include ERK, JNK, and p38. The ERK family members have been associated with numerous processes including differentiation or proliferation, depending upon cell type. JNK and p38 MAPK are known as the stress activated protein kinases, or SAPKs. JNK and p38 MAPK activities were induce upon numerous stress signals that often lead to apoptosis, which has dominated the studies of p38 MAPK and JNK." provenance.
• _4 wasQuotedFrom 15225871 provenance.