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- _3 value "Both high glucose and ROS activate signal transduction cascade (PKC, mitogen- activated protein kinases,and janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-kappaB, activated protein-1, and specificity protein 1) and upregulate TGF-beta1 and ECM genes and proteins. High glucose induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) (3,4) and upregulates TGF-b1 (5,6) and ECM (5-7) expression in the glomerular mesangial cells. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or H2O2 continuously generated by glucose oxidase (GO) also upregulates TGF-b1 and fibronectin expression in mesangial cells (4,8) and fibronectin in tubular epithelial cells" provenance.
- _3 wasQuotedFrom 12874439 provenance.