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- _6 value ", MEK1 and MEK2 are the only known substrates for B-Raf.154-157 A consistent theme in studies on MEK/ERK activation by Raf is that B-Raf is far more potent at activating downstream kinases than either A-Raf or C-Raf. Several lines of evidence also indicate that B-Raf has a much higher affinity for its substrate than the other Raf isoforms and is 50-fold more potent at phosphorylating MEK1 and MEK2 than either A-Raf or C-Raf.125,158 The respective downstream substrates of MEK1 and MEK2 are ERK1 (p44MAPK) and ERK2 (p42MAPK), which are translocated to the nucleus where they ultimately induce an array of cytoplasmic and nuclear regulatory proteins.50,159-162 Effectors include the nuclear transcription factors Elk-1, Fos, Jun, AP-1, and Myc, which regulate genes encoding proteins that play key roles in proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer therapeutics.51" provenance.
- _6 wasQuotedFrom 16170185 provenance.