Matches in Nanopublications for { ?s <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value> ?o ?g. }
- _3 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _4 value "HGF stimulates recruitment of Stat-3 to the receptor, tyrosine phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and binding to the specific promoter element SIE." provenance.
- _6 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _4 value "Finally, ectopic expression of p21 had no effect on hepatoma cell growth in the absence of glucocorticoids but facilitated the ability of dexamethasone to inhibit cell proliferation." provenance.
- _3 value "The TPA-induced p130cas phosphorylation increased within 5 min of stimulation and persisted for at least 4 days, whereas bFGF/IGF-I-induced p130cas phosphorylation was biphasic." provenance.
- _3 value "Finasteride also inhibited the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-I receptor genes in the ventral prostate." provenance.
- _2 value "These results implicate NO and prostacyclin produced by the interaction of VEGF/VPF with its Flk-1/KDR/VEGF-R2 receptor as mediators of VEGF/VPF-induced vascular permeability." provenance.
- _5 value "Activation of the protein p70s6k by mitogens leads to increased translation of a family of messenger RNAs that encode essential components of the protein synthetic apparatus. Activation of the kinase requires hierarchical phosphorylation at multiple sites, culminating in the phosphorylation of the threonine in position 229 (Thr229), in the catalytic domain. The homologous site in protein kinase B (PKB), Thr308, has been shown to be phosphorylated by the phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase PDK1. A regulatory link between p70s6k and PKB was demonstrated, as PDK1 was found to selectively phosphorylate p70s6k at Thr229. More importantly, PDK1 activated p70s6k in vitro and in vivo, whereas the catalytically inactive PDK1 blocked insulin-induced activation of p70s6k." provenance.
- _6 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _5 value "By inhibiting selectively either cdk4/6 or cdk2, we show that endogenous D-type cyclins, acting with cdk4/6, are able to phosphorylate pRb only partially, a process that is likely to be completed by cyclin E-cdk2 complexes. Furthermore, cyclin E-cdk2 is unable to phosphorylate pRb in the absence of prior phosphorylation by cyclin D-cdk4/6 complexes." provenance.
- _5 value "By inhibiting selectively either cdk4/6 or cdk2, we show that endogenous D-type cyclins, acting with cdk4/6, are able to phosphorylate pRb only partially, a process that is likely to be completed by cyclin E-cdk2 complexes. Furthermore, cyclin E-cdk2 is unable to phosphorylate pRb in the absence of prior phosphorylation by cyclin D-cdk4/6 complexes." provenance.
- _4 value "IL1-beta induced the ICAM1 and E-selectin expression in a dose dependent manner." provenance.
- _3 value "Female C57BL/6 mice were dosed with dihydrotestosterone- or sham-treated for 8 days, after which kidneys were removed and complementary DNA (cDNA) prepared. We then applied the subtractive hybridization techniques of random arbitrarily primed-PCR and PCR-coupled subtractive hybridization method of cDNA representational difference analysis to the isolated cDNA. In addition to well characterized androgen-regulated genes [e.g. KAP (kidney androgen-regulated protein)], we demonstrate the differential expression of six genes previously not known to be under androgen control. RNA levels of SA, Cytochrome P450 4B1, IL-6ST (interleukin-6 signal transducer), OATP (organic anion transporter), and a newly identified gene, MJAM, were up-regulated by androgen, while 16-alpha-hydroxylase was decreased." provenance.
- _2 value "Adipocyte deletion by apoptosis occurred after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of leptin in rats." provenance.
- _5 value "Consistent with this, cotransfection with IkappaBbeta specifically repressed the 9-cis-RA-induced transcriptional activities of RXR in an lipopolysaccharide-dependent manner." provenance.
- _6 value "Consistent with this, cotransfection with IkappaBbeta specifically repressed the 9-cis-RA-induced transcriptional activities of RXR in an lipopolysaccharide-dependent manner." provenance.
- _4 value "Shear stress has been found to increase the activities of a number of kinases to modulate the phosphorylation of many signaling proteins in endothelial cells, eg, the proteins in focal adhesion sites and the proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways." provenance.
- _5 value "When platelets were incubated with SB 203580 (20 mM) before stimulation with thrombin (1 unit/ml, 2 min), 32P-phosphorylation of cPLA2 was reduced by approximately 50% (Fig. 6A) which is consistent with our previous results (24).......The 82-min peak co-eluted with the S727-PPox standard, the 86-min peak with unoxidized S727-PP (which co-elutes with S454-PP, see above), and the retention time of the 134-min peak corresponded to the authentic Ser-505 phosphopeptide (Fig. 5)." provenance.
- _5 value "PhosphoElm data from PMID 15212693" provenance.
- _4 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _5 value "Here we show that the Src-related Lyn kinase undergoes spontaneous and stoichiometric autophosphorylation at both Tyr396 (homologous to c-Src Tyr416) and Tyr507 (homologous to c-Src Tyr527)" provenance.
- _3 value "TIMP-1 expression is up-regulated in fibroblasts by a variety of soluble factors including IL-1 (22), tumor necrosis factor (23), epidermal growth factor (23), transforming growth factor- (23), phorbol esters (24), and retinoic acid (25)." provenance.
- _4 value "Upon treatment with TGF beta 1 there was a pronounced increase in the number of cells expressing alpha actin (68.1 +/- 5.49%), accompanied by a change in morphology to a myofibroblast-like phenotype." provenance.
- _4 value "Glucose and HGF treatments reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity and increased c-Jun DNA binding." provenance.
- _3 value "Glucose, TNFalpha, or HGF treatments increased phosphorylation of c-Jun at serine 63 in the transactivation domain and stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis." provenance.
- _4 value "Overexpression of intact ZIP kinase but not catalytically inactive kinase mutants led to the morphological changes of apoptosis in NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting that the cell death-inducing activity of ZIP kinase depends on its intrinsic kinase activity." provenance.
- _6 value "Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 was seen in response to both NGF and EGF and this coincided with activation of eIF2B." provenance.
- _4 value "1) insulin and IGF-1 lead to phosphorylation and activation of JAK-1 and JAK-2 in intact cells" provenance.
- _5 value "Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) treatment of cells overexpressing the insulin receptor or the IGF-1 receptor promotes phosphorylation and activation of Janus kinases JAK-1 and JAK-2" provenance.
- _3 value "We investigated the expression of protein disulfide isomerase family proteins (PDI, ERp61, and ERp72) in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells during differentiation induced by treatment with retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP the protein level of all these enzymes increased" provenance.
- _4 value "In contrast, the K6 promoter was very strongly activated by all AP-1 proteins, especially by the c-Fos + c-Jun and Fra1 + c-Jun combinations. It was also strongly activated by the p65 NF-kappaB protein. " provenance.
- _4 value "In contrast, the K6 promoter was very strongly activated by all AP-1 proteins, especially by the c-Fos + c-Jun and Fra1 + c-Jun combinations. It was also strongly activated by the p65 NF-kappaB protein. " provenance.
- _4 value "We found that the K5 and K14 promoters, which are coexpressed in vivo, are regulated in parallel by the cotransfected genes. Both were activated by the c-Fos and c-Jun components of AP-1, but not by Fra1. On the other hand, the NF-kappaB proteins, especially p65, suppressed these two promoters." provenance.
- _7 value "Several lines of evidence indicate that the nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) complex imposes ligand dependence on transcriptional activation by the retinoic acid receptor and mediates the inhibitory effects of estrogen receptor antagonists, such as tamoxifen, suppressing a constitutive N-terminal, Creb-binding protein/coactivator complex-dependent activation domain." provenance.
- _3 value "A weaker overexpression is seen in a macrophage cell line using hydrogen peroxide or menadione as inducers." provenance.
- _3 value "We show here that higher levels of pag gene expression are observed following induction of proliferation and contact with compounds inducing oxidative stress such as diethyl maleate and sodium arsenate." provenance.
- _4 value "(Jubilant) Pretreatment with C3 transferase exoenzyme, an inhibitor of Rho small GTP binding proteins (Rho A, B and C) inhibited the bradykinin induced NFkB activity. Treatment with calpain I or PDTC completely inhibited the DNA binding activity of NFkB. Transfection of cell with dominant negative RhoA-T19N inhibited the bradykinin induced NFkB activity. A dominant-negative form of RhoA (T19N) inhibited BK-stimulated reporter gene expression in a dose-dependent and kappaB-dependent manner." provenance.
- _5 value "(Jubilant) Pretreatment with C3 transferase exoenzyme, an inhibitor of Rho small GTP binding proteins (Rho A, B and C) inhibited the bradykinin induced NFkB activity. Treatment with calpain I or PDTC completely inhibited the DNA binding activity of NFkB. Transfection of cell with dominant negative RhoA-T19N inhibited the bradykinin induced NFkB activity. A dominant-negative form of RhoA (T19N) inhibited BK-stimulated reporter gene expression in a dose-dependent and kappaB-dependent manner." provenance.
- _5 value "Double-point mutant analysis indicated a major role for the NRF2/GABP site in the enhancer capacity of this element in brown fat cells. It is proposed that NRF2/GABP plays a pivotal role in the co-ordinated enhancement of OXPHOS gene expression associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in brown adipocyte differentiation." provenance.
- _3 value "Following 24 h culture of rat primary hepatocytes in the presence of sodium clofibrate (a peroxisome proliferator), the levels of PPAR alpha, ACOX and CYP4A1 were increased" provenance.
- _3 value "Following 24 h culture of rat primary hepatocytes in the presence of sodium clofibrate (a peroxisome proliferator), the levels of PPAR alpha, ACOX and CYP4A1 were increased" provenance.
- _4 value "jubilant" provenance.
- _5 value "IL-1beta markedly induced the luciferase activity in the MH7A cells transfected with the luciferase reporter plasmid carrying the IL-6 promoter. The luciferase activity was significantly decreased when the region (-159 to -142bp) was deleted which includes the C/EBPbeta consensus element. A 5bp mutation introduced into the C/EBPbeta binding element reduced the induction of IL-6 promoter in response to IL-1beta to 40%." provenance.
- _5 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _4 value "Our evidence that PI3-kinase is involved in Etk activation includes: (i) Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI3-kinase, abolished the activation of Etk by IL-6; (ii) a constitutively active p110 subunit of PI3-kinase was able to activate Etk in the absence of IL-6; and (iii) a dominant negative p85 subunit of PI3-kinase mutant blocked the activation of Etk by IL-6." provenance.
- _3 value "Ariadne: Taxol preferentially induced the expression of mRNA for TNFalpha, COX-2, ATF-4, and Krox-24. [Expression]" provenance.
- _3 value "Ariadne: Taxol preferentially induced the expression of mRNA for TNFalpha, COX-2, ATF-4, and Krox-24. [Expression]" provenance.
- _3 value "alpha-tocopherol increases de novo synthesis of protein kinase C molecules. the only isoform affected by alpha-tocopherol is protein kinase C-alpha At a gene level alpha-tocopherol but not beta-tocopherol induces a transient activation of alpha-tropomyosin gene transcription and protein expression" provenance.
- _2 value "IGF-I significantly inhibited the cell death and apoptosis of MCLM cells treated with Act-D, LOV, or DOX" provenance.
- _6 value "Two Sp1 sites, one of which is adjacent to the APRE, are required for IL-6 induction and transactivation by Stat3. Thus, Stat3 and Sp1 function cooperatively to activate the C/EBPdelta promoter." provenance.
- _4 value "The results demonstrate that LPS, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha induce p100 expression at mRNA and protein level" provenance.
- _4 value "Modified assertion" provenance.
- _4 value "Stimulation of macrophages with 50 ng/ml of IL-17 upregulated the macrophage secretory protein IL-10 to 0.21 +/- 0.01 compared to the control." provenance.
- _2 value "13,50-52 In the case of some of these agonists, one consequence important for inside-out signaling is activation of phospholipase C-beta by the activated alpha subunit of Gq, resulting in hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and production of the second messengers, diacylglycerol and IP3. Mouse platelets that have been rendered null for Gq undergo shape change but fail to aggregate in response to thrombin, ADP, or a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, and the mice exhibit prolonged tail bleeding times.53" provenance.
- _4 value "13,50-52 In the case of some of these agonists, one consequence important for inside-out signaling is activation of phospholipase C-beta by the activated alpha subunit of Gq, resulting in hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and production of the second messengers, diacylglycerol and IP3. Mouse platelets that have been rendered null for Gq undergo shape change but fail to aggregate in response to thrombin, ADP, or a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, and the mice exhibit prolonged tail bleeding times.53" provenance.
- _4 value "13,50-52 In the case of some of these agonists, one consequence important for inside-out signaling is activation of phospholipase C-beta by the activated alpha subunit of Gq, resulting in hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and production of the second messengers, diacylglycerol and IP3. Mouse platelets that have been rendered null for Gq undergo shape change but fail to aggregate in response to thrombin, ADP, or a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, and the mice exhibit prolonged tail bleeding times.53" provenance.
- _4 value "13,50-52 In the case of some of these agonists, one consequence important for inside-out signaling is activation of phospholipase C-beta by the activated alpha subunit of Gq, resulting in hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and production of the second messengers, diacylglycerol and IP3. Mouse platelets that have been rendered null for Gq undergo shape change but fail to aggregate in response to thrombin, ADP, or a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, and the mice exhibit prolonged tail bleeding times.53" provenance.
- _6 value "13,50-52 In the case of some of these agonists, one consequence important for inside-out signaling is activation of phospholipase C-beta by the activated alpha subunit of Gq, resulting in hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and production of the second messengers, diacylglycerol and IP3. Mouse platelets that have been rendered null for Gq undergo shape change but fail to aggregate in response to thrombin, ADP, or a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, and the mice exhibit prolonged tail bleeding times.53" provenance.
- _6 value "13,50-52 In the case of some of these agonists, one consequence important for inside-out signaling is activation of phospholipase C-beta by the activated alpha subunit of Gq, resulting in hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and production of the second messengers, diacylglycerol and IP3. Mouse platelets that have been rendered null for Gq undergo shape change but fail to aggregate in response to thrombin, ADP, or a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, and the mice exhibit prolonged tail bleeding times.53" provenance.
- _5 value "A prominent PKC substrate in platelets is pleckstrin, a protein with two PH domains,78 but no functional link between pleckstrin and IIb3 has been established. Parenthetically, MARCKS proteins are prominent PKC substrates in some cells, and they have been implicated in integrin-dependent spreading of macrophages.79 " provenance.
- _5 value "Cytohesin-1 contains a PH domain, which binds 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides, and a sec 7 domain, which binds the 2 tail and possesses guanine nucleotide exchange activity for a small GTP-ase, ARF.122,123 One serine-threonine kinase, p59ILK has been shown to bind to integrin-beta tails, to inhibit beta-1-mediated cell adhesion, and to promote anchorage-independent cell cycle progression and growth of epithelial cells.124" provenance.
- _5 value "Cytohesin-1 contains a PH domain, which binds 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides, and a sec 7 domain, which binds the 2 tail and possesses guanine nucleotide exchange activity for a small GTP-ase, ARF.122,123 One serine-threonine kinase, p59ILK has been shown to bind to integrin-beta tails, to inhibit beta-1-mediated cell adhesion, and to promote anchorage-independent cell cycle progression and growth of epithelial cells.124" provenance.
- _4 value "Thus, one common feature of most agonists that activate IIb3 is their ability to induce (poly)phosphoinositide hydrolysis and formation of IP3 and diacylglycerol, either through Gq and phospholipase C-beta or through tyrosine kinases and phospholipase C" provenance.
- _3 value "clofibrate induces adipogenesis and RORalpha and RORgamma mRNA in BALB/c3T3 cells that ectopically express PPARgamma. RORalpha and RORgamma mRNA were upregulated during adipocyte differentiation in preadipocyte D1 and 3T3-L1 cells" provenance.
- _3 value "Hyperosmotic media (500 mOsm/kgH2O) supplemented with glucose or mannitol increased alpha1-mRNA levels threefold at 24 hr and beta1-mRNA levels sevenfold at 12 hr." provenance.
- _4 value "IGF-I, insulin, and IL-4 treatment of MCF-7 and ZR-75, and IGF-I treatment of T47-D breast cancer cells, resulted in much greater tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 compared with IRS-2." provenance.
- _4 value "IGF-I, insulin, and IL-4 treatment of MCF-7 and ZR-75, and IGF-I treatment of T47-D breast cancer cells, resulted in much greater tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 compared with IRS-2." provenance.
- _4 value "IGF-I, insulin, and IL-4 treatment of MCF-7 and ZR-75, and IGF-I treatment of T47-D breast cancer cells, resulted in much greater tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 compared with IRS-2." provenance.
- _3 value "DNA synthesis stimulated by PDGF-BB as well as PDGF-induced MAP kinase activation" provenance.
- _4 value "epidermal growth factor and interleukin-4 elicit tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1" provenance.
- _4 value "epidermal growth factor and interleukin-4 elicit tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1" provenance.
- _8 value "Finally, the pit-1 gene itself is regulated by an enhancer element located 10 kb upstream of the transcriptional start. This element contains several pit-1 DNA binding sites and retinoic acid response elements (RAREs). On one of these elements, pit-1 and RAR interact functionally to mediate a synergistic response to RA. Recent data from our laboratory suggests that RA induction of the pit-1 gene can be impaired by pit-1 gene mutations." provenance.
- _4 value "We report that exposure of aconitase to moderate concentrations of peroxynitrite, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1; a superoxide- and nitric oxide-liberating substance), or hydrogen peroxide, inhibits the enzyme and enhances susceptibility to proteolytic digestion by the isolated 20 S proteasome" provenance.
- _8 value "Further studies demonstrated that the PPARalpha ligand 8(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid strongly promotes the interaction of PPARalpha with the co-activator RIP-140 but decreases the interaction of PPARalpha with the co-repressor SMRT. In contrast, TAK1 interacts with RIP-140 but not with SMRT and competes with PPARalpha for RIP-140 binding." provenance.
- _5 value "this report, we show that a 1821-base pair (bp) upstream DNA fragment of the Otx2 gene is positively regulated by co-transfection with expression vectors for the human HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 proteins in an embryonal carcinoma cell line (NT2/D1) and that a shorter fragment of only 534 bp is able to drive this regulation. We also identified the HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 DNA-binding region on the 534-bp Otx2 genomic fragment " provenance.
- _3 value "When hepatocytes were co-incubated with DEX and antiglucocorticoid/antiprogestin RU-486, DEX-stimulated HST-a mRNA expression was not significantly inhibited by RU-486, but ASTIV and TAT mRNA expression were inhibited to a similar extent. The results suggested that ASTIV, like TAT, is likely regulated by a classical glucocorticoid receptor mediated mechanism, whereas HST-a is probably regulated by glucocorticoids via an alternative mechanism." provenance.
- _5 value "FAK directly phosphorylated Shc Tyr-317 to promote Grb2 binding, and in vivo Grb2 binding to Shc was observed in herbimycin A-treated fibroblasts after FN stimulation" provenance.
- _6 value "A potential function of this proteoglycan is to bind cells, since we showed it to be as efficient as fibronectin in promoting osteoblast attachment in vitro. The binding appears to be mediated by the integrin alphavbeta3, since this was the only integrin isolated by osteoadherin affinity chromatography of surface-iodinated osteoblast extracts." provenance.
- _6 value "Overexpression of OMgp alters PDGF signaling in fibroblasts which results in a block of mitogenic signaling. PDGF induced activation of c-Src is blocked, as is the induction of c-Myc and c-Fos, while tyrosine phosphorylation of the PDGFbeta receptor, PLCgamma1 and induction of c-Jun are intact." provenance.
- _4 value "Overexpression of OMgp alters PDGF signaling in fibroblasts which results in a block of mitogenic signaling. PDGF induced activation of c-Src is blocked, as is the induction of c-Myc and c-Fos, while tyrosine phosphorylation of the PDGFbeta receptor, PLCgamma1 and induction of c-Jun are intact." provenance.
- _5 value "Coexpression experiments in COS7 cells further showed that Lyn induces tyrosine phosphorylation of EpoR" provenance.
- _4 value "VCAM-1 shows a large increase in cell surface expression, reaching an optimum at 24-48 h after IFNgamma treatment." provenance.
- _6 value "MIP-1Alpha, a C-C chemokine, was elevated 1.6 fold in AdIL-12 transfected mice relative to Adcontrol(replication-deficient,E1-deleted Ad5 construct) mice." provenance.
- _6 value "The level of MCP-1 was 1.5 fold higher in AdIL-12 transfected mice than those seen in Adcontol (replication-deficient,E1-deleted Ad5 construct) mice." provenance.
- _6 value "Expression of RICK promoted the activation of caspase-8 and potentiated apoptosis induced by Fas ligand, FADD, CLARP, and caspase-8." provenance.
- _5 value "IFNs (IFN-alpha2a ) markedly reduced the clonogenic growth of v-src-transformed cells in soft-agar rather than monolayer growth, suggesting the preferential activity of IFNs on anchorage-independent growth. Pretreatment of cells with Src or the Src-like PTK inhibitor herbimycin A or radicicol, alleviated dose-dependently the growth-inhibitory activity of IFN-alpha2a against v-src-transformed cells, suggesting that IFNs may share a common inhibitory pathway with Src PTK inhibitors. Accordingly, like herbimycin A, IFNs were found to reduce tyrosine phosphorylation of p60v-src and suppressed in vitro p60v-src kinase activity in v-src-transformed cells. " provenance.
- _6 value "In a gel shift analysis, this bacterially expressed splice variant binds to the TNFalpha promoter site after in vitro phosphorylation by casein kinase II (CKII). In addition, cotransfection studies demonstrate that this splice variant mediates induced transcription at the TNFalpha promoter after stimulation/activation in a heterologous system." provenance.
- _5 value "MTF-1(-/-) embryos fail to transcribe metallothionein I and II genes, and also show diminished transcripts of the gene which encodes the heavy-chain subunit of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a key enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis." provenance.
- _5 value "MTF-1(-/-) embryos fail to transcribe metallothionein I and II genes, and also show diminished transcripts of the gene which encodes the heavy-chain subunit of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a key enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis." provenance.
- _3 value "Paclitaxel or vincristine induced increased expression of Bax" provenance.
- _5 value "Activation of NF-kappaB by osteopontin depended on the small GTP-binding protein Ras and the tyrosine kinase Src," provenance.
- _8 value "Activation of NF-kappaB by osteopontin depended on the small GTP-binding protein Ras and the tyrosine kinase Src," provenance.
- _7 value "Osteopontin and beta3 integrin ligation rapidly increased NF-kappaB activity... The alphavbeta3 integrin was most important for osteopontin-mediated NF-kappaB induction" provenance.
- _6 value "Osteopontin-induced NFkB activity was completely inhibited by expression of Ras-N17 and Src dominant negative constructs, indicating that Osteopontin induced NFKB activation was mediated through alphaV-beta-3 integrin, Ras and Src." provenance.
- _4 value "total protein synthesis was further inhibited by either an anti-TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody or an adenovirus-mediated transfer of a truncated TGF-beta type II receptor" provenance.
- _2 value "The complement system plays a paradoxical role in the development and expression of autoimmunity in humans. The activation of complement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contributes to tissue injury.In contrast, inherited deficiency of classical pathway components, particularly C1q (ref. 1), is powerfully associated with the development of SLE." provenance.
- _3 value "Its main carrier protein, IGFBP-3, is not only important for determining IGF-I availability, but recent evidence indicates that it also has intrinsic IGF-independent apoptosis-promoting actions on prostate and breast epithelial cells." provenance.
- _4 value "5)Importantly, two basic mechanisms seem to be responsible for this observation, i.e. ANP specifically induced acceleration of iNOS mRNA decay and ANP reduced binding activity of NF-kappaB, the transcription factor predominantly responsible for LPS-induced iNOS expression in murine macrophages. Moreover," provenance.
- _4 value "6) ANP acts via an autocrine mechanism since recently ANP was shown to be secreted by LPS-activated macrophages, and we demonstrated here that LPS-induced NO synthesis was increased after blocking the binding of endogenous ANP by a receptor antagonist." provenance.
- _4 value "The activity of the CFTR Cl- channel is dependent on its phosphorylation status set by kinases and phosphatases. We report here that protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) and protein kinase C (PKC) are potential regulators of the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR). Treating CFTR-expressing 3T3 cells with either of the two specific PP2B blockers cyclosporin A (CsA, 1 microM) or deltamethrin (DM, 30 nM) caused rapid activation of CFTR in cell-attached patches. As determined by noise analysis of multi channel patches, DM- or CsA-activated CFTR displayed gating kinetics comparable to those of forskolin-activated CFTR. After activation of CFTR by blocking PP2B, CFTR still inactivated. CFTR-mediated currents were, on average, 6.1 times larger when cells were stimulated by forskolin during PP2B block compared to stimulation by forskolin alone. This suggests that, in CFTR-expressing 3T3 cells, a phosphorylation site of CFTR is regulated by cellular PKA, PP2B and another phosphatase. However, in the epithelial cell lines Calu-3 and HT-29/B6, CsA and DM had no effect on CFTR activity in both cell-attached patch-clamp and transepithelial experiments. In contrast, when exogenous PP2B was added to patches excised from 3T3 or Calu-3 cells, PKA-activated CFTR currents were quickly inactivated. This indicates that free exogenous PP2B can inactivate CFTR in patches from both cell types. We propose that in order to regulate CFTR in an intact cell, PP2B may require a selective subcellular localization to become active. When excised patches were PKC-phosphorylated, the gating kinetics of CFTR were significantly different from those of PKA-phosphorylated CFTR. Addition of PP2B also inactivated PKC-activated CFTR showing the indiscriminate dephosphorylation of different phosphorylation sites by PP2B." provenance.